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Access of XML files from Java servlets under Tomcat

Error:

XML files are not found by Java servlets.
The same code works fine as a standalone Java program.

Solution:

There is the concept of present working directory. If Tomcat has been started from $CATALINA_HOME/bin directory, the XML files need to be in that directory. But if Tomcat has been started as a service, the XML files should be under /. To avoid the problem, it is best to give complete pathname to XML file references in servlet code.