The uname command prints information about the system. uname is a portmanteau word made up from "unix" and "name". uname can be called from the command line in Linux as,
uname [OPTION]...
The most common way to use uname is with the -a option, which stands for "all" the information.… Read more
While executing the dig command, the sendmsg() failed: Operation not permitted
error was printed.
$ dig example.com ../../../../lib/isc/unix/net.c:581: sendmsg() failed: Operation not permitted ../../../../lib/isc/unix/net.c:581: sendmsg() failed: Operation not permitted ...
The error was resolved after adding the following iptables rules.… Read more
The last command gives a chronological list of user logins in a Linux system for a period of time. The lastb commands gives a similar list of failed logins to the system. By default, last uses the /var/log/wtmp file for the record of login data.… Read more
The cut command cuts sections of each line of input files and writes it on its standard output. It is mostly used for taking out a few columns from the input files. The command syntax is,
cut option...… Read more
The tr command is a filter which reads the standard input, translates or deletes characters and writes on its standard output. The tr command syntax is,
tr [OPTION]... SET1 [SET2]
tr transliterates characters from SET1 into corresponding characters of SET2 in input and writes resulting text on the standard output.… Read more
The uniq command is a filter for finding unique lines in input. It reads input, suppresses duplicates and prints unique lines in its output. Used with the -D option, we can do the inverse and print the duplicate lines only.… Read more
The sort command is for sorting lines in text files. For example, if we have a file names, we can sort it with the sort command,
$ cat names John Doe Jane Doe John Roe Richard Roe Tommy Atkins Max Mustermann Erika Mustermann Joe Bloggs $ $ sort names Erika Mustermann Jane Doe Joe Bloggs John Doe John Roe Max Mustermann Richard Roe Tommy Atkins
The words in the input lines are fields, which are numbered 1 onwards.… Read more
grep is a program for searching a given string pattern in files. It searches the files for the pattern and prints the lines that contain strings matching the pattern. For example,
$ # grep pattern filenames ...
$ grep 'hbox' find.c
GtkWidget *window, *scrolled_win, *hbox, *vbox, *find;
hbox = gtk_hbox_new (FALSE, 5);
gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (hbox), w -entry, TRUE, TRUE, 0);
gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (hbox), find, FALSE, TRUE, 0);
gtk_box_pack_start (GTK_BOX (vbox), hbox, FALSE, TRUE, 0);
bash can be run interactively, as a login shell or as an interactive process from a terminal emulator like the gnome-terminal. bash can be run non-interactively by running a bash script. A bash script is a list of commands written to automate some system operations work in Linux.… Read more
A shell provides a user interface to a computer system. There are two types of shells, the command line interface (CLI) and the graphical user interface (GUI). In this tutorial, we describe the command line interface shell only and refer to it simply as shell
.… Read more