The Client-Server paradigm divides the software architecture of a system in two parts, the server and its clients. The server works in the background and maintains the system-wide database. Using the database, it provides the functions for system operation and responses to queries from the clients.… Read more
There are two major types of network sockets, viz. Stream sockets (SOCK_STREAM) and Datagram sockets (SOCK_DGRAM). The socket type defines the semantics of communication between this socket and its remote counterpart. Stream sockets provide full-duplex reliable sequenced data streams.… Read more
Client server model is a software architecture paradigm prevalent in distributed applications. A server has information resources and processes that provide answers to queries and other services to remote clients over the network. Some of the examples of these services are booking an airline ticket and/or a room in a hotel, sending a file to a client, sending a mail message to another person (client), etc.… Read more
systemd is the newer init system used in most Linux distributions since 2015. The first widely used init system was the System V init process, sysvinit. Ubuntu introduced the Upstart init system with Ubuntu 6.10 in 2006. Ubuntu fully migrated to systemd with Ubuntu 15.04 in 2015.… Read more
The ss command gives the socket statistics. It gives information about the network connections. ss is a replacement for the netstat command.
By default, the ss command gives information about non-listening sockets.
$ ss Netid State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port u_str ESTAB 0 0 * 4482 * 4481 u_str ESTAB 0 0 * 4285 * 3631 ...… Read more
